F Y B Pharm notes

Third year B. Pharmacy notes

First Year Diploma Notes

First Year B. Pharmacy Notes 

Extra notes

Pharmaceutical Analysis I (All units)

Pharmaceutics 

Unit 1: Notes

A) Introduction to dosage form notes PPT

1) Pharmacopeia PPT

2) Prescription PPT

3) Posology

4) History of Pharmacy 

Unit 2: Notes

A) Calculation 

B) Powders

C) Liquid dosage forms

Unit 2: Notes

Monophasic Liquids

A) Suspension 

Unit 4:

A) Suppositories

B) Pharmaceutical Incompatibility 

Unit 2: Semi-Solid dosage from

Emulsion Notes 

Emulsion PPT

SEM-II: COMPUTER APPLICATION

Second Year B. Pharmacy Notes

Pharmacology 

Physical Pharmacy

Pharmaceutical Engineering 

Final year 

Quiz 5.

1. What does the term "posology" primarily deal with?
   a) Drug formulation
   b) Dosage of medicines
   c) Pharmacokinetics
   d) Adverse drug reactions
   Answer: b) Dosage of medicines

2. The dose of a drug depends on which of the following factors?
   a) Age of the patient
   b) Body weight of the patient
   c) Severity of the disease
   d) All of the above
   Answer: d) All of the above

3. Which rule is commonly used to calculate pediatric doses based on age?
   a) Fried’s Rule
   b) Young’s Rule
   c) Clark’s Rule
   d) Dilling’s Formula
   Answer: b) Young’s Rule

4. Clark’s Rule for pediatric dosing is based on:
   a) Age
   b) Surface area
   c) Body weight
   d) None of the above
   Answer: c) Body weight

5. The dose of a drug is generally reduced for elderly patients because:
   a) Their body weight is higher
   b) They have impaired drug metabolism
   c) They require stronger effects
   d) None of the above
   Answer: b) They have impaired drug metabolism

6. Which of the following units is commonly used for calculating drug doses for infants and children?
   a) mg/kg of body weight
   b) mL/hour
   c) mg/m² of body surface area
   d) None of the above
   Answer: a) mg/kg of body weight

7. What does the term "therapeutic dose" mean?
   a) The maximum dose a patient can tolerate
   b) The dose required to achieve a desired therapeutic effect
   c) The dose causing toxic effects
   d) The average dose for a population
   Answer: b) The dose required to achieve a desired therapeutic effect

8. Which formula is used to calculate pediatric dose based on body surface area?
   a) Young’s Rule
   b) Clark’s Rule
   c) Surface Area Method
   d) Fried’s Rule
   Answer: c) Surface Area Method

9. A single dose of a drug given immediately to achieve rapid therapeutic levels is called a:
   a) Loading dose
   b) Maintenance dose
   c) Lethal dose
   d) Minimal dose
   Answer: a) Loading dose

10. What is the primary reason for adjusting drug doses in neonates?
    a) Faster drug absorption
    b) Immature liver and kidney function
    c) Higher body fat percentage
    d) Increased metabolic rate
    Answer: b) Immature live. 

Quiz 3 and 4

Suppositories

1. Which of the following is the most commonly used base for suppositories?
   a) Beeswax
   b) Cocoa butter
   c) Glycerin
   d) Lanolin
   Answer: b) Cocoa butter

2. Suppositories are usually intended for administration via which route?
   a) Oral
   b) Intravenous
   c) Rectal
   d) Subcutaneous
   Answer: c) Rectal

3. What is the key characteristic of an ideal suppository base?
   a) Melts at body temperature
   b) Highly viscous
   c) Absorbed systemically
   d) Has a high boiling point
   Answer: a) Melts at body temperature

4. Which method is commonly used for preparing suppositories?
   a) Triturating method
   b) Cold compression method
   c) Heating and molding method
   d) All of the above
   Answer: d) All of the above

5. The ideal melting point for a suppository base should be:
   a) Below 25°C
   b) Around 37°C
   c) Above 45°C
   d) At 100°C
   Answer: b) Around 37°C

6. Which type of suppository is used for systemic drug delivery?
   a) Rectal
   b) Vaginal
   c) Urethral
   d) Nasal
   Answer: a) Rectal

7. Glycerin-based suppositories are mainly used as:
   a) Antibiotics
   b) Anti-inflammatory agents
   c) Laxatives
   d) Antifungal agents
   Answer: c) Laxatives

8. What is the displacement value in suppositories?
   a) The weight of suppository
   b) The amount of base displaced by a drug
   c) The density of the suppository
   d) The volume of the drug content
   Answer: b) The amount of base displaced by a drug

9. Which of the following bases is water-soluble?
   a) Cocoa butter
   b) Witepsol
   c) Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
   d) Lanolin
   Answer: c) Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

10. Which of the following suppositories is not solid at room temperature?
    a) Cocoa butter suppository
    b) PEG suppository
    c) Gelatin-glycerin suppository
    d) None of the above
    Answer: c) Gelatin-glycerin suppository

11. What is the main advantage of PEG as a suppository base?
    a) It is non-irritating
    b) It provides quick drug release
    c) It does not melt but dissolves slowly
    d) It has a high viscosity
    Answer: c) It does not melt but dissolves slowly

12. What is the purpose of using surfactants in suppository formulations?
    a) To provide emulsification
    b) To enhance solubility of drugs
    c) To ensure proper mixing
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above

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Ointments

13. Ointments are primarily intended for which type of application?
    a) Parenteral
    b) Topical
    c) Oral
    d) Rectal
    Answer: b) Topical

14. The main characteristic of an ointment base is:
    a) Spreadability on the skin
    b) High boiling point
    c) High solubility in water
    d) None of the above
    Answer: a) Spreadability on the skin

15. Which of the following is an example of an oleaginous ointment base?
    a) PEG
    b) Petrolatum
    c) Lanolin
    d) Glycerin
    Answer: b) Petrolatum

16. Which ointment base has the property of water absorption?
    a) Hydrocarbon base
    b) Anhydrous lanolin
    c) Oleaginous base
    d) Silicones
    Answer: b) Anhydrous lanolin

17. What is the role of humectants in ointment formulations?
    a) To retain moisture
    b) To provide viscosity
    c) To act as preservatives
    d) To enhance solubility
    Answer: a) To retain moisture

18. What is the main disadvantage of hydrocarbon bases?
    a) Non-greasy nature
    b) Poor water washability
    c) Poor stability
    d) Expensive
    Answer: b) Poor water washability

19. Which of the following is a water-removable base?
    a) Beeswax
    b) Petrolatum
    c) Vanishing cream
    d) Paraffin
    Answer: c) Vanishing cream

20. Fusion method in ointment preparation involves:
    a) Cold mixing of ingredients
    b) Heating and melting ingredients together
    c) Filtration of ointment base
    d) Triturating the components
    Answer: b) Heating and melting ingredients together

21. What type of emulsions are ointments usually formulated as?
    a) W/O or O/W
    b) Only W/O
    c) Only O/W
    d) None of the above
    Answer: a) W/O or O/W

22. Which of the following ointment bases can absorb water?
    a) Petrolatum
    b) Anhydrous lanolin
    c) Mineral oil
    d) Paraffin wax
    Answer: b) Anhydrous lanolin

23. What is the role of preservatives in ointments?
    a) To prevent microbial contamination
    b) To provide better fragrance
    c) To enhance drug solubility
    d) To improve spreadability
    Answer: a) To prevent microbial contamination

24. Which of the following ointments has a dual action of lubrication and hydration?
    a) Hydrocarbon-based ointments
    b) Absorption-based ointments
    c) Water-removable ointments
    d) Water-soluble ointments
    Answer: b) Absorption-based ointme. 

Quiz no. 1

1. The ……….. Samhita includes reference to drugs of animals, plants and mineral origin 

used until the first century AD.

a) Ebers b) Charaka c) Hippocrates d) Shushruta

2. Who is the father of medicine………

a) Ebers b) Hippocrates c) Egyptian d) Pontus 

3. Use of formulations made up of numerous plants referred as………..

a) Galenicals b) Parenteral c) Plant Vehicles d) Generics

4. The first pharmacy shop was opened in …..

a) London b) Bagdad c) Bangalore d) Damascus 

5. The first edition of IP was published in ….

a) 1965 b) 1975 c) 1955 d) 1985

6. The second edition of IP was published in ….

a) 1955 b) 1966 c) 1985 d) 1990 

7. The third edition of IP was published in ….

a) 1985 b)1990 c)1960 d) 1975 

8. The fourth edition of IP was published in …..

a) 1985 b)1990 c) 1960 d) 1996

9. The fifth edition of IP was published in …..

a) 1996 b) 2000 c) 2007 d) 2010

10. The sixth edition of IP was published in …..

a) 2005 b) 2008 c) 2010 d) 2012 

11. The seventh edition of IP was published in …..

a) 2014 b) 2015 c) 2013 d) 2000 

12. The chairman of the first edition of IP was…..

a) Dr. B.N. Ghosh b) Dr. B. Mukherjee c) Dr. Nityanand d) Mr. PrasanaTotta

Quiz 2

1. Which of the following is NOT a semi-solid dosage form?

A. Ointment
B. Cream
C. Suppository
D. Tablet
Answer: D. Tablet

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2. What is the primary base used in ointments?
A. Hydroalcoholic base
B. Oleaginous base
C. Polysaccharide base
D. Gelatin base
Answer: B. Oleaginous base

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3. Which type of ointment base is water-removable and provides a cooling effect?
A. Hydrocarbon base
B. Absorption base
C. Water-removable base
D. Water-soluble base
Answer: C. Water-removable base

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4. What is the primary advantage of semi-solid dosage forms over oral dosage forms?
A. Increased systemic absorption
B. Localized drug delivery
C. Faster onset of action
D. None of the above
Answer: B. Localized drug delivery

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5. Which of the following bases is used in the preparation of water-soluble ointments?
A. Paraffin
B. Lanolin
C. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
D. Beeswax
Answer: C. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

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6. Gels are semi-solid preparations that use which of the following as a gelling agent?
A. Mineral oil
B. Carbomers
C. Lanolin
D. Cocoa butter
Answer: B. Carbomers

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7. Which of the following methods is used for preparing ointments?
A. Infusion
B. Levigation
C. Granulation
D. Compression
Answer: B. Levigation

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8. Which of the following statements is true about creams?
A. They are always hydrophobic.
B. They can be either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions.
C. They are solid dosage forms.
D. They are used only for systemic drug delivery.
Answer: B. They can be either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions.

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9. Which type of semi-solid dosage form is designed for rectal or vaginal use?
A. Ointment
B. Suppository
C. Cream
D. Paste
Answer: B. Suppository

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10. What is the function of humectants in semi-solid dosage forms?
A. To provide fragrance
B. To retain moisture
C. To increase viscosity
D. To act as a preservative
Answer: B. To retain moisture

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11. Which of the following is a property of pastes?
A. High lipid content
B. Low drug concentration
C. Better adherence to the skin
D. Used only for oral application
Answer: C. Better adherence to the skin

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12. What is the ideal particle size of a drug for use in semi-solid dosage forms to ensure smooth application?
A. 1–5 microns
B. 50–100 microns
C. 10–20 microns
D. 200–300 microns
Answer: A. 1–5 microns

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